Mac keyboard shortcuts

By pressing certain key combinations, you can do things that normally need a mouse, trackpad, or other input device.

To use a keyboard shortcut, press and agree one or more modifier keys and then press the last key of the shortcut. For example, to use Command-C (copy), press and hold the Command primal, and then the C key, and then release both keys. Mac menus and keyboards ofttimes use symbols for certain keys, including modifier keys:

  • Command (or Cmd) ⌘
  • Shift ⇧
  • Option (or Alt) ⌥
  • Control (or Ctrl) ⌃
  • Caps Lock ⇪
  • Fn


On keyboards made for Windows PCs, use the Alt key instead of Choice, and the Windows logo key instead of Command.

Some keys on some Apple keyboards take special symbols and functions, such equally for brandish effulgence, keyboard brightness, Mission Control, and more. If these functions aren't available on your keyboard, you might be able to reproduce some of them by creating your own keyboard shortcuts. To employ these keys as F1, F2, F3, or other standard function keys, combine them with the Fn key.

Cut, copy, paste, and other common shortcuts

  • Control-X: Cutting the selected detail and copy it to the Clipboard.
  • Command-C: Copy the selected item to the Clipboard. This as well works for files in the Finder.
  • Command-V: Paste the contents of the Clipboard into the current document or app. This also works for files in the Finder.
  • Control-Z: Undo the previous command. You can and so printing Shift-Command-Z to Redo, reversing the undo command. In some apps, you can undo and redo multiple commands.
  • Command-A: Select All items.
  • Command-F: Find items in a certificate or open a Notice window.
  • Command-G: Find Again: Observe the next occurrence of the item previously constitute. To find the previous occurrence, press Shift-Command-Thousand.
  • Control-H: Hide the windows of the front end app. To view the front app but hide all other apps, press Choice-Command-H.
  • Command-Yard: Minimize the front window to the Dock. To minimize all windows of the front app, press Option-Control-Chiliad.
  • Command-O: Open the selected particular, or open a dialog to select a file to open.
  • Command-P: Impress the current document.
  • Command-Due south: Save the current document.
  • Command-T: Open a new tab.
  • Command-W: Shut the front window. To close all windows of the app, press Option-Control-Westward.
  • Option-Command-Esc: Force quit an app.
  • Command–Infinite bar: Show or hide the Spotlight search field. To perform a Spotlight search from a Finder window, press Command–Option–Space bar. (If y'all employ multiple input sources to type in different languages, these shortcuts modify input sources instead of showing Spotlight. Learn how to change a conflicting keyboard shortcut.)
  • Command–Command–Space bar: Bear witness the Grapheme Viewer, from which y'all tin choose emoji and other symbols.
  • Control-Control-F: Use the app in total screen, if supported by the app.
  • Space bar: Utilize Quick Look to preview the selected detail.
  • Command-Tab: Switch to the next about recently used app among your open up apps.
  • Shift-Command-v: In macOS Mojave or afterwards, take a screenshot or make a screen recording. Or use Shift-Command-iii or Shift-Command-4 for screenshots. Learn more than near screenshots.
  • Shift-Command-N: Create a new folder in the Finder.
  • Command-Comma (,): Open up preferences for the forepart app.

Sleep, log out, and shut down shortcuts

Y'all might demand to press and agree some of these shortcuts for slightly longer than other shortcuts. This helps you to avoid using them unintentionally.

* Does not apply to the Touch ID sensor.

Finder and system shortcuts

  • Command-D: Duplicate the selected files.
  • Command-Eastward: Eject the selected deejay or volume.
  • Command-F: Start a Spotlight search in the Finder window.
  • Command-I: Show the Go Info window for a selected file.
  • Control-R: (1) When an allonym is selected in the Finder: testify the original file for the selected allonym. (2) In some apps, such equally Agenda or Safari, refresh or reload the folio. (3) In Software Update preferences, cheque for software updates once again.
  • Shift-Command-C: Open the Estimator window.
  • Shift-Command-D: Open the desktop folder.
  • Shift-Command-F: Open the Recents window, showing all of the files you lot viewed or changed recently.
  • Shift-Command-Thousand: Open a Go to Folder window.
  • Shift-Command-H: Open up the Home folder of the current macOS user business relationship.
  • Shift-Command-I: Open up iCloud Drive.
  • Shift-Command-Yard: Open up the Network window.
  • Choice-Control-L: Open the Downloads binder.
  • Shift-Control-Northward: Create a new binder.
  • Shift-Command-O: Open up the Documents folder.
  • Shift-Command-P: Evidence or hibernate the Preview pane in Finder windows.
  • Shift-Command-R: Open the AirDrop window.
  • Shift-Command-T: Show or hide the tab bar in Finder windows.
  • Control-Shift-Control-T: Add selected Finder item to the Dock (Os X Mavericks or later on)
  • Shift-Command-U: Open the Utilities folder.
  • Option-Command-D: Show or hide the Dock.
  • Control-Command-T: Add the selected detail to the sidebar (Bone X Mavericks or later).
  • Selection-Command-P: Hide or show the path bar in Finder windows.
  • Option-Control-South: Hide or show the Sidebar in Finder windows.
  • Command–Slash (/): Hide or show the condition bar in Finder windows.
  • Control-J: Bear witness View Options.
  • Command-K: Open the Connect to Server window.
  • Control-Command-A: Make an alias of the selected detail.
  • Command-North: Open up a new Finder window.
  • Option-Command-N: Create a new Smart Folder.
  • Command-T: Evidence or hibernate the tab bar when a unmarried tab is open up in the current Finder window.
  • Option-Control-T: Show or hide the toolbar when a single tab is open in the current Finder window.
  • Option-Command-Five: Move the files in the Clipboard from their original location to the current location.
  • Control-Y: Apply Quick Wait to preview the selected files.
  • Option-Command-Y: View a Quick Look slideshow of the selected files.
  • Command-ane: View the items in the Finder window equally icons.
  • Command-ii: View the items in a Finder window as a list.
  • Command-3: View the items in a Finder window in columns.
  • Control-iv: View the items in a Finder window in a gallery.
  • Command–Left Bracket ([): Go to the previous folder.
  • Control–Right Bracket (]): Go to the adjacent folder.
  • Command–Up Pointer: Open the binder that contains the current folder.
  • Control–Command–Upward Arrow: Open up the folder that contains the current folder in a new window.
  • Command–Down Arrow: Open the selected item.
  • Right Pointer: Open the selected folder. This works only when in list view.
  • Left Arrow: Shut the selected folder. This works only when in listing view.
  • Command-Delete: Motility the selected item to the Trash.
  • Shift-Control-Delete: Empty the Trash.
  • Option-Shift-Control-Delete: Empty the Trash without confirmation dialog.
  • Control–Brightness Down: Plow video mirroring on or off when your Mac is connected to more than one display.
  • Option–Brightness Up: Open Displays preferences. This works with either Brightness key.
  • Control–Brightness Up or Control–Brightness Down: Change the brightness of your external brandish, if supported past your display.
  • Selection–Shift–Brightness Up or Option–Shift–Brightness Down: Adapt the display effulgence in smaller steps. Add the Command key to this shortcut to make the adjustment on your external brandish, if supported by your brandish.
  • Option–Mission Command: Open Mission Control preferences.
  • Command–Mission Command: Show the desktop.
  • Control–Downwards Arrow: Show all windows of the front app.
  • Selection–Volume Up: Open Sound preferences. This works with any of the volume keys.
  • Option–Shift–Volume Up or Choice–Shift–Volume Downwardly: Adjust the sound volume in smaller steps.
  • Option–Keyboard Effulgence Up: Open up Keyboard preferences. This works with either Keyboard Brightness key.
  • Selection–Shift–Keyboard Brightness Upwards or Option–Shift–Keyboard Brightness Downwardly: Arrange the keyboard brightness in smaller steps.
  • Option cardinal while double-clicking: Open up the detail in a separate window, and so shut the original window.
  • Control cardinal while double-clicking: Open a binder in a carve up tab or window.
  • Command key while dragging to another book: Move the dragged detail to the other volume, instead of copying it.
  • Option primal while dragging: Copy the dragged item. The pointer changes while you drag the item.
  • Selection-Command while dragging: Make an alias of the dragged detail. The pointer changes while you drag the particular.
  • Option-click a disclosure triangle: Open all folders inside the selected folder. This works just when in list view.
  • Command-click a window title: See the folders that contain the electric current folder.
  • Learn how to utilize Command or Shift to select multiple items in the Finder.
  • Click the Get menu in the Finder card bar to see shortcuts for opening many commonly used folders, such every bit Applications, Documents, Downloads, Utilities, and iCloud Drive.

Document shortcuts

The behavior of these shortcuts may vary with the app you're using.

  • Control-B: Boldface the selected text, or turn boldfacing on or off.
  • Command-I: Italicize the selected text, or plough italics on or off.
  • Command-K: Add a web link.
  • Command-U: Underline the selected text, or plow underlining on or off.
  • Command-T: Show or hide the Fonts window.
  • Command-D: Select the Desktop folder from within an Open dialog or Save dialog.
  • Control-Command-D: Testify or hide the definition of the selected word.
  • Shift-Command-Colon (:): Brandish the Spelling and Grammer window.
  • Command-Semicolon (;): Find misspelled words in the document.
  • Option-Delete: Delete the word to the left of the insertion point.
  • Control-H: Delete the character to the left of the insertion point. Or apply Delete.
  • Command-D: Delete the character to the right of the insertion point. Or use Fn-Delete.
  • Fn-Delete: Frontward delete on keyboards that don't have a Forward Delete   central. Or use Control-D.
  • Control-G: Delete the text between the insertion point and the end of the line or paragraph.
  • Fn–Upwards Arrow: Folio Up: Scroll up one page.
  • Fn–Downwards Arrow: Page Downward: Coil down one page.
  • Fn–Left Arrow: Home: Curlicue to the outset of a document.
  • Fn–Right Arrow: End: Scroll to the end of a document.
  • Control–Up Pointer: Move the insertion bespeak to the beginning of the certificate.
  • Command–Down Arrow: Motion the insertion indicate to the end of the document.
  • Command–Left Arrow: Move the insertion point to the beginning of the current line.
  • Command–Right Arrow: Move the insertion indicate to the terminate of the current line.
  • Pick–Left Arrow: Motility the insertion point to the first of the previous word.
  • Option–Right Pointer: Move the insertion bespeak to the end of the next word.
  • Shift–Control–Upward Pointer: Select the text between the insertion point and the kickoff of the document.
  • Shift–Command–Downwardly Pointer: Select the text betwixt the insertion indicate and the end of the document.
  • Shift–Command–Left Pointer: Select the text between the insertion point and the beginning of the current line.
  • Shift–Command–Right Pointer: Select the text between the insertion point and the end of the current line.
  • Shift–Up Arrow: Extend text selection to the nearest character at the same horizontal location on the line higher up.
  • Shift–Down Arrow: Extend text selection to the nearest graphic symbol at the same horizontal location on the line below.
  • Shift–Left Pointer: Extend text option one character to the left.
  • Shift–Right Arrow: Extend text selection one character to the right.
  • Option–Shift–Up Arrow: Extend text selection to the beginning of the electric current paragraph, and so to the beginning of the following paragraph if pressed again.
  • Option–Shift–Downward Arrow: Extend text pick to the stop of the current paragraph, then to the cease of the following paragraph if pressed again.
  • Pick–Shift–Left Pointer: Extend text pick to the beginning of the current word, and then to the starting time of the following discussion if pressed again.
  • Option–Shift–Correct Arrow: Extend text selection to the end of the electric current word, then to the finish of the following word if pressed again.
  • Command-A: Move to the start of the line or paragraph.
  • Control-E: Motion to the end of a line or paragraph.
  • Control-F: Motion one character frontward.
  • Control-B: Move one character astern.
  • Control-L: Eye the cursor or choice in the visible area.
  • Command-P: Move up one line.
  • Control-N: Move down one line.
  • Control-O: Insert a new line after the insertion point.
  • Control-T: Swap the character behind the insertion point with the graphic symbol in forepart of the insertion bespeak.
  • Command–Left Curly Bracket ({): Left align.
  • Command–Right Curly Bracket (}): Right marshal.
  • Shift–Command–Vertical bar (|): Center align.
  • Selection-Control-F: Get to the search field.
  • Selection-Command-T: Show or hide a toolbar in the app.
  • Selection-Command-C: Re-create Style: Re-create the formatting settings of the selected detail to the Clipboard.
  • Option-Command-V: Paste Style: Use the copied fashion to the selected detail.
  • Choice-Shift-Command-V: Paste and Match Style: Apply the style of the surrounding content to the detail pasted within that content.
  • Option-Command-I: Evidence or hide the inspector window.
  • Shift-Command-P:  Folio setup: Display a window for selecting certificate settings.
  • Shift-Command-S: Display the Relieve As dialog, or duplicate the current document.
  • Shift–Control–Minus sign (-): Subtract the size of the selected item.
  • Shift–Command–Plus sign (+): Increment the size of the selected item. Control–Equal sign (=) performs the same function.
  • Shift–Command–Question mark (?): Open the Help carte du jour.

Other shortcuts

For more than shortcuts, check the shortcut abbreviations shown in the menus of your apps. Every app tin have its own shortcuts, and shortcuts that piece of work in i app might non work in some other.

  • Accessibility shortcuts
  • Safari shortcuts
  • Spotlight shortcuts
  • Startup shortcuts
  • Apple Music shortcuts: Choose Assist > Keyboard shortcuts from the menu bar in the Music app.
  • Other shortcuts: Cull Apple menu > System Preferences, click Keyboard, then click Shortcuts.

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